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Confidant and Responsibility: Wang Yangming’s Responsibility and Ethical Thought Responsibility
Author: Tu Keguo (Director and Researcher of the International Confucian Research and Transportation Department, Shandong Academy of Social Sciences)
Source: “Confucian School” (Chinese and English) Issue 2, 2020
Abstract:As the master of Confucianism’s mind, Wang Yangming mainly received the elements of Buddhist mental thinking based on Confucianism and formed a more complete and systematic psychological system. Although Yang Ming applied more the “confidant” model and created a psychological system with “confidant learning” as the focus and main line, the “confidant” he applied essentially refers to “conscience”. No one has yet to interpret Confucian conscience and conscience from the perspective of responsibility ethics. Wang Yangming was certainly not elevated to the level of self-sensory thinking, conscience and responsibility, but his confidant also touched on the relationship between the two. Therefore, strengthening the discussion on Yangming’s conscience and responsibility thinking can not only deepen the discussion on Yangming’s mind, expand its academic space, stimulate its vitality, but also provide ideological resources for the construction of contemporary Confucian ethics. From the implicit and practical dimensions, we can discuss the related issues of Yangming’s mind and responsibility from three levels: conscience and responsibility ethics, confidant’s body theory and responsibility ethics, confidant’s kung fu theory and responsibility ethics.
Keywords: Wang Yangming Confidant Responsibility Ethics
Confidant, conscience, and morality, and responsibility are in-depth, and have made an in-depth reminder of this future generation. Hegel specializes in studying goodness and conscience in “Theory of Law and Philosophy”, without any single rootsBreeding storiesThe level plan of morality and ethics indicates the difference between “emotional conscience” and “real conscience”, and also understands the internal connection between conscience and meaning: “Conscience expresses the absolute right of the subjective self-consciousness Have the right to understand what rights and deeds are in itself and according to itself”[1], “As a true thing, conscience is the self-regulation of goodness and deeds that seek to be peaceful and self-responsible.”[2] Conscience “This subjective conception, as abstract self-regulation and pure self-confirmation, evaporates all the regulations such as rights, deeds and definites in itself”[3]. Friedrich Paulsen also discussed the issue of “Idea and Conscience” in his book “The System of Ethics”. He calls things in his nature against love and expressing himself in the feelings of responsibility and duty as conscience. [4]
Marxist theory ethics is also highly accurate and describes conscience and responsibility issues. Marx, Engels, Lenin, Mao Zedong and others all advocate teaching infertile conscience. The Marxist Theory Ethics, edited by Su ethics scholar A.И. Jitalian, pointed out: “Conscience-—This is one of the most legacy and confusing personalized regulators of a person’s behavior. It combines a sense of synonymity, honor and respect along the way to enable people to recognize their moral responsibilities as a moral choice subject and to others and to the entire society. ”[5] The book also said: “Conscience—this is the mechanism of the vitality of human self-evaluation, the direct, spiritual ‘nerd’ of human moral responsibility. The judge of conscience and the responsibility of conscience cause self-sense of bad morality, natural disagreement of unsuccessful struggle, and doubts about the value of people’s self. ”[6] Since the new era, the problem of the relationship between conscience and responsibility has also been paid attention to by the national ethics community. The “Simplified Marxist Ethics” compiled by Tang Kailin not only evaluates the cooperation between morality and conscience into the “Practical Chapter”, but also provides an incisive explanation of the nature of conscience and its proof relationship with responsibility: “Conscience is a rating of the short-term and good-faith perception that exists in the self, and is a sense of moral responsibility for one’s own behavior. In terms of reality and content, it is the continuation of human moral emotions, emotions and unity in consciousness, and it is something that moral principles and moral norms appear as inner motivation, confidence and emotions. ”[7] and pointed out that conscience is a regulator of personal behavior and a direction of personal mental life. Guo Jin-dong analyzed the relationship between conscience and responsibility in detail, pointing out that conscience is a strong sense of moral responsibility in self-consciousness, and is a self-consciousness. The internal ability to control self-behavior is a self-evaluation mechanism for responsibility. [8] Dong Li thought about the relationship between conscience and morality from the perspective of moral ethics, pointing out that conscience is a self-conscious awareness of people’s morality, and conscience is neither good nor good. The choice of the position is not a smooth response to the inner energy, but an implementation of the inner energy, and a self-extradition of the inner energy. [9] Zhang Hengshan believes that legal and moral responsibilities are of the same origin and come from the same confidant’s consciousness. [10]
The author believes that conscience is the ideological foundation and ethical consciousness of establishing moral responsibility. As long as a person does not forget his true nature, he will only talk to him about moral duties. However, when a person who loses his conscience speaks about moral duties, he will only be empty talk, no one will do. Those who are responsible must be people who lack confidants; on the contrary, a person who is devoid of confidants will not simply bear moral responsibility, and sometimes harm others and bring persecution to society; in the process of a person upholding conscience and practicing moral responsibility, conscience can control, urge and guide and influence, and provide strong and powerless energy support to complete moral obligations. When others do as much as possible to serve and help themselves out of conscience, they will be grateful and grateful; once If an individual does not take on the responsibility he should bear, does not act in morality, or may have lost morality, and based on the motivation of conscience, he will be held responsible by conscience.
As a master of Confucianism, Wang Yangming accepted the Buddhist mental thinking elements based on Confucianism, and formed a more complete and systematic psychological system. Yang Ming’s Mind Learning includes some content: one is about the connotation of the mind, including the relationship between the mind and knowledge, emotion, and intention.The second is the thinking about the relationship between the mind and nature, things, things, principles, and actions, which develops his mind and nature, difficulties, mind and matter, thoughts and knowledge and action; the third is the effectiveness of the mind, which focuses on the position, influence and meaning of the mind and the knowledge and confidant; the fourth is the mind’s kung fu or cultivation and state discussion, and the basic principle is to correct the mind and cultivate the mind. These psychological aspects are all related to the ethics of responsibility. Although Yang Ming applied more of the “confidant” model and created a psychological system with “confidant learning” as the focus and main line, he also applied the “conscience” model – despite the few times, and what he called “conscience” essentially refers to “conscience”. Since the beginning of Mencius, through the special efforts of Confucianism in the past, we have constructed the unique and unique conscience-minded knowledge in the world. So far, the academic community has conducted research on the study of Yangmingxin in a large number of ways. But it is regrettable that no one has interpreted the Confucian conscience and conscience from the perspective of responsibility and ethics. Wang Yangming was certainly not elevated to the level of self-sensory thinking and conscience and responsibility. However, his confidant also contacted the relationship between the two. Therefore, strengthening the discussion on Yangming’s conscience and responsibility thinking can not only deepen the discussion on Yangming’s mind, expand its academic space, stimulate its vitality, but also provide ideological resources for the construction of contemporary Confucian ethics. The writer has settled in the perspective of explicit words from “responsibility彩彩彩彩彩彩彩” was discussed in the five aspects of “彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩”, “彩彩彩彩彩”, “彩彩彩彩”, “彩彩彩彩”, “彩彩彩彩”, “彩彩彩彩”, “彩彩彩彩”, “彩彩彩彩”, “彩彩彩彩”, “彩彩彩彩”, “彩彩彩彩”, “彩彩彩彩”, “彩彩彩彩”, “彩� Ethical thinking [11], this paper specifies the related issues of the mind and responsibility from the three aspects of conscience and morality, confidant body theory and responsibility ethics, confidant kung fu theory and responsibility ethics.
1. The learning of conscience and responsibility ethics<
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